Paper-container machinery



I. T. BOND.

PAPER CONTAINER MACHINERY.

APPLICATION FILED JULY I7, I918.

4 SHEETS-SHEET I.

Patented Dec. 27, 1921.

AIR INLET J. T. BOND.

PAPER CONTAINER MACHINERY. APPLICATION FILED JULY 11.1918.

Patented Dec. 27, 1921.

- 4 SHEETS-SHEET 2- Al/P INLET I. T. BOND. PAPER CONTAINER MACHINERY.

APPLICATIQN FILED JULY 17,1918.

' Patented Dec. 27, 1921.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

Will

J. T.. BOND.

PAPER CONTAINER MACHINERY.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 17,1918.

Patented .Dec. 27, 1921.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

UNITED STATES PATENT orr cs.

JOSEPH '1. BOND, OF FULTON, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO SEALRIGH'I' 00., INC OF FULTON, NEW YORK, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

PAPER-CONTAINER MACHINERY.

Application filed July 17,

To all whom it may concern.

Be it known that I, Josnrn T. Bonn, a citizen of the United States, and resident of Fulton, county of Oswego, State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in and relating to Paper Container Machinery, of which the followin is a specification.

his invention relates to certain improvements in* and relating to paper container machinery; and the objects and nature of the invention will be readily understood by those skilled in the art in the light of the following explanation of the accompanying drawings illustrating what I now believe to be the preferred mechanical expression or embodiment of the invention from among other forms, constructions and arrangements within the spirit and scope thereof.

Heretofore, it has been the.common practice to secure flanged paper disks in paper tubes to form the bottoms of paper containers or to form the tops of slip covers, by providing a mandrel to snugly receive the paper tube with its end projectlng upwardly from the mandrel to receive the flanged paper disk, a vertically movable rotary spinning or crimping head was provided to spin or crimp together the upper end of the tube and the disk flange and form the locking crimp against the upper face of the disk, and while this spinning operation was being performed, the paper tube was held to the mandrel against independent rotation by an exterior brake or draw band encircling the paper tube and tightened thereon to grip the tube.

This old mechanism necessitated more or less accuracy in the exterior surface formation and diameter of the mandrel as it was necessary that the paper tubes snugly and accurately fit the mandrel. It was hence more or less difiicult for the operators to place the paper tubes on the mandrel, and skill and experience were necessary to PI'OP-r erly feed the machine without frequently stopping the machine.

This difliculty in feeding the machine, 2'. e. applying the paper tubes to the mandrel, was also partly due to the brake or drawband that more or less closely encircled the mandrel even when such band was expanded to permit application and removal of the paper tubes to and from the mandrel. This band Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 27, 1921.

1918. Serial No. 245,350.

was composed of comparatively thin metal and hence it was difiicult'to maintain the same in circular form concentric with the mandrel and to prevent some portion of the band from binding or hearing against the mandrel even when the band was expanded. This tendency of the band to unduly bind at some point, to become bent or deformed from true concentric relation to the mandrel, also tended to crush, dent, crease or otherwise spoil paper tubes when the tubes were gripped by the bands during the crimping operation, and cause the formation of imperfect locking crimps. In this old form of mechanism, when employed to form slip covers, it was necessary to employ tubes of greater length than needed for covers, in order to provide suflicient tube length to enter and be gripped by the draw or brake band. This old mechanism also rendered it difiicult to automatically diseharge'the container bodies and covers from the mandrel by air blasts or other means, and resulted in other difficulties.

It is an object of the present invention to provide mechanism for utilization in securing flanged paper disks in paper tubes by crimping or spinning, that will overcome and avoid the difliculties hereinbefore pointed out, will reduce the percentage of culls or damaged products, and that will increase the speed and also the quality of production and attain other advantages.

With these and other objects in view my invention consists in certain novel features in construction and in combinations and arrangements as more fully and particularly set forth and pointed out hereinafter.

Referring to the accompanying draw- 1ngs:- V

Figure l, is a vertical sectional view through a portion of a crimping machine embodying my invention, the head of the mandrel being shown in its normal contracted adjustment or position.

F 2, is a vertical section through a portion of the machine, a paper tube being shown on the mandrel, the mandrel head being expanded, a flanged disk and inner sealin disk being shown in the paper tube in position for the crimping operation by the spinning or crimping head shown alined with the mandrel and in position to descend on the tube and disk.

a modified form of expanding headand its surrounding ring, a portion of a paper cover shell or tube bel shown on the head, the

mandrel body, die plate and connecting parts not being shown.

Fig. 6, is a detail section of the die plate of Figs. 1, 2 and 8.

Fig. 7, is a detail section of a modified form of die plate.

Fig. 8, is a detail vertical section of the upper portion of the mandrel (the surrounding ring not being shown) and the rotary crimping head, the crimping head being shown on its downward crimp-forming movement, the crimp being shown partially completed.

Fig. 9, is a detail sectional. view of a modified stop ring formation, portions of the mandrel body and a paper shell being shown thereon.

In machinery for securing paper bottoms in paper containers and for securing tops in paper tubes to form slip covers for such paper containers, a number of vertical mandrels are usually carried by a table rotating .or fed step by step to successively bring'the containers under and into operative relation with respect to a rotary and vertically movable crimping or spinning head.

While the table is at rest during the intervals between the forward steps or move ments, a, paper tube is placed on a mandrel,

a flanged disk is placed in the upper end of a tube on a mandrel, the crimping head moves down on its operative stroke and forms the lock crimp'joining a disk and tube on a mandrel, and a jointed tube and disk (completed body or cover) is removed from a mandrel either by hand or automatically by an internal air blast. However, in some instances, the paper tube and disk are assembled andcrimped or spun together on a single mandrel machine wherein a mandrel is permanently arranged below the spinning or crimping head which is moved vertically to and from the mandrel, and my present invention is applicable to either the multiple or the single mandrel types of machines, and as those skilled in the art are familiar with these various types of machines mentioned, I have not deemed it necesasry to fully illustrate a machine of either type but only such parts as are necesasry to show the application of an embodiment of my invention.

In the particular embodiment illustrated as an example, I show a portion ofa table 1, rotatable step by step on a vertical axis 2.

' A suitable fixed supporting and bracing- .drel.

frame or bracket 3 is arranged below and preferably aids in upholdingthe table, and carries a vertically adjustable screw 4, the

upper end of which either forms or carries a cam 5, above the bracket 3 for the purpose to be hereinafter explained.

The table carries any suitable number (one or more) of mandrels, fixed thereto and rising vertically therefrom, and for each mandrel, an exterior surrounding tubeguiding and abutment wall concentric with and spaced from the portion of the exterior surface of the mandrel surrounded thereby. For instance, in the example shown, a metal ring 6 surrounds the upper portion of the mandrel and this ring is rigid with a radial arm 7, suitably bolted or otherwise secured in normal fixed position to a center hub or upright 8 fixed to the table 1.

In the specific example illustrated, the mandrel consists of a body portion, an end head or plate, and an expansible head or portion, the expansible head being arranged within said annular wall or ring 6. The body portion 9 is in the form of a vertically elongated hollow cylinder having a top end wall or web 10 and a bottom end wall or web 11. The lower end of this body is seated on the table 1, and the mandrel is removably secured thereto in normal fixed position, by a vertical screw or stud bolt 12, passing upwardly through a smooth hole in the table and entering a tapped or threaded center hole in the end 'wall 11 of the man- The head 13 of this screw 12 abuts the under face of the table and the mandrel is hence rigidly clamped against the table when the screw is tightened. This screw is formed longitudinally hollow or with a bore 14 extending completely therethrough to serve a purpose'hereinafter referred to The expansible portion of the mandrel is mounted on the uper end of the body 9 and forms an upward continuation thereof having an approximately cylindrical outer surface of a normal diameter that is less than the internal diameter of the paper container bodies, the longitudinal axes of the body 9 and expansible portion being alined.

The expansible portion is divided on radial lines into a series of complementary similar blocks or sectors 15, slidable radially on the top end wall 10 of the mandrel body 9. The outer surface of each block or sector 15 forms a segment of the circumference of V encircling the ex ansible portion and confined in a circum erential groove 17 of such depth that the spring is inset with respect to the outer approximately cylindrical surface of the expansible portlon to prevent the paper tubes or bodies from contacting therewith. I

The expansible portion is formed with a central longitudinal tapered u wardly contracting bore 19, so that the lnner end of each sector has an upwardl inclined surface forming a portion of t e wall of this bore. A vertical upwardly contracting cone or wedge 20 is arranged within this bore and the inclined surfaces of the inner ends of the sectors 15 are held in engagement with this cone by the spring 16.

The lower end of the cone forms a shoulder 21 and when the cone is in normal position at its limit of downward movement, this shoulder rests on the wall 10 and the expansible portion is contracted and the sectors 15 thereof at their limits of inward movement.

This expansible-portion-expanding cone 20 is formed with a vertical stem 22 slidablythe head 13 of the bolt 12, to engage andbe elevated by the cam 5. When the end 23 rides up on the cam 5, the cone 20 is forced upwardly thereby, and the sectors 15 are uniformly forced outwardly by the cone against the tension of spring 16 to expand the expansible head (portion) of the mandrel.

Suitable means are provided to confine and maintain the spacing and lateral positions of the sectors 15 forming the expansible head of the mandrel. For instance, I show said head formed with uniformly spaced vertical holes 24 extending therethrough and located between the center bore and circumference of the head.

Vertical studs 25 of relatively reduced or small cross sectional dimensions with respect to the size of the holes 24, are fixed to the mandrel body and extend vertically through said holes. These studs preferably have screw threaded ends 26 screwed into tapped holes in the end wall 10 of the mandrel body 9. The upper end faces of the fixed sector-confining studs 25 are usually approximately flush with the top face of the expansible head, and the bottom surface of the die or head plate 27 abuts said end faces of the studs. This head plate is removably secured down on said studs by suitable means, such as machine screws 28, extending down through countersunk screw holes in the plate and entering tapped holes in the studs so that the heads of the screws are countersunk and the plate is clamped fixedly in position.

The flat top faces of the sectors 15 slidably engage the flat bottom face of this head plate and said plate confines the sectors against upward movement. This head plate is circular and its circumferential edgeis of a diameter approximately equal to the external'diameter of the expansible head in .normal adjustment. Suitable means are provided to normally maintain the head-expanding cone 20 at its limit of downward movement and to return the same to such position as the stem end 23 passes from the high portion of the, cam 5. As an example of means that can be employed for this purpose, I show a coiled expansion spring 29 compressed between the head or the plate 27 and the cone 20. The cone is formed with a longitudinal open top socket in which this spring is confined.

The die plate 27 forms the top end face of the mandrel and is ordinarily located above the horizontal plane of the top edge or face of the abutment and guide ring 6, and said ring surrounds the expansible head, and the inner diameter of the ring 6 is approximately equal to (being slightly in excess of) the external diameter of the paper shells or tubes to be received therrby and yet is so formed that the paper shells can be easily slipped down through said ring and onto the mandrel. The die plate located, as it is, above the horizontal plane of the ring 6, in a measure serves as a guide to receive the lower end of the paper shell and center and guide the same onto the mandrel and into the entrance to or upper end of the ring 6. The die plate loosely enters the paper shell and this is also true of the expansible head (when in normal contracted adjustment) and body 9, whereby the person serving the machine can quickly and easily slip the paper shells onto the mandrel and the air blast (if employed) can easily discharge the paper shell to which the disk has been secured, from the mandrel. The paper shells thus loosely fit on the mandrel and the application of the shells thereto is thereby in connection with the ring 6 greatly facilitated so that comparatively inexperienced persons can feed the machine with the necessary speed.

The upper end of each paper shell applied to the mandrel, must project a more or less fixed or predetermined distance above the die plate 27 to receive the flanged disk and to provide sufficient length of shell to cooperate with the disk flange in forming the locking crimp.

The paper shells of containers of different capacity are usually of the same diameter, the shells being usually cut from paper tubing of uniform diameter, the capacity of the container being determined by the length of the shell. The mandrel is usually elongated to a length in excess of'that of containers of max imum capacity so that containers of any capacity from maximum down can be completed on the one mandrel. I hence provide adjustable means to limit the downward movement of each shell on the mandrel so that the upper end of each shell will project upwardly the required distance above the die plate 27. In the example illustrated, I show a clamping or stop ring or collar 30 for this purpose. This collar is split and provided with a clamping or tightening screw 31. The collar surrounds the mandrel body 9 and can .be clamped thereto at the desired'elevation by tightening the screw 31. By manipulating the screw, the

. collar can be allowed to expand and loosen on the mandrel, and can be then slipped vertically on the mandrel to the desired elevation according to the length of paper shells to be operated on, whereupon the screw will be tightened to lock the collar.

The collar engages the lower ends of the paper shells on the mandrel and thus limits the downward movement thereof and sustains said shells against downward thrust and pressure.

In view of the necessary close fit of the cylindrical slip covers on the cylindrical bodies of the paper cans of commerce and the peculiar nature of the exposed paper edges, it is often difficult to apply the covers to the can bodies. In order to facilitate the application of the covers to the bodies, -I provide means for curving inwardly or slightly contracting the ends (spigot ends) of the paper shells. For instance, I show the upperend or side of the collar 30 formed with a downwardly and inwardly contracting annular or cone surface 32 arranged to be engaged by the lower edge of'the paper shell and to curve and turn or contract said edge inwardly when said shell is forced downwardly under suflicient pressure. The shell can be forced downwardly by hand to accomplish this result or the downward pressure exerted on the shell during the crimping operationmay be sufficient where downward'movement of the shell is permitted by the expanding head of the mandrel.

Under some circumstances, or for certain purposes, it may be desirable to hell or slightly expand the edge portion of the paper shell, particularly the shell of slip covers or the shell of bodies that are to receive internal closures or other elements.

' To accomplish this result, a collar 30 can be provided having its annular cone surface 32* flaring downwardly and outwardly, or in the opposite direction from the surface 32,

V (Fig. 9).

In the operation of the machine, a. paper shell a is slipped on the mandrel and through pressed down against the stop the shell and disk are thus applied, the man- 1 drel is remote from the crimping position,

and the head expandin cone is in its lowest position and the expan ing head is contracted (Fig.' 1). Just before the mandrel arrives at the crimping station, under the 1 forward or step by step movement of the table 1, the end 23 of the elevating stem of cone 20, engages the cam 5 and begins to ride up thereon so that by the time the mandrel arrives at the crimping station and the table has stopped, the end 23 is on the high part of the cam, the cone is elevated and the expansible head is expanded. The head when thus expanded within the paper shell clamps said shell against the inner surface of the ring 6 and holds the shell against rotation with the crim ing head during the crimping operation. en at the crimping position or station, the mandrel is below and alined with a suitable rotary and vertically movable crimping or spinning head 33, provided with any suitable operating and controlling devices (not shown), and usually formed with a center face 34, a surrounding annular depending flan e 35, and a crimp shaping groove 36 an suitable ,bits. When the mandrel comes to rest at the crimping station, suitable mechanism is brought into action to cause the rotating crimping head to descend, so that the projecting upper end of the paper shell is received in move 36, and said end with the flange of the paper disk are turned inwardly and downwardly and spun together and pressed against the top face of the disk to form a locking crimp. .During this operation, the flanged disk is pressed tightly against the die plate 37 by the crimping head and the face 34 of the crimping head approximately closes more or less tightly ing crimp.- As soon as the locking crimp has" been completed, the crimping head rises to its normal elevated position removed from the mandrel and shell thereon and the table starts to move from the crimping station to the discharge station, andduring this movement, the end 23 of the cone stem clears the cam 5, and the spring 29 restores the 2 cone to normal posi-- tion and the spring 16 restores the expansible head to normal contracted position. When the table again comes to rest with the mandrel at the discharge station, the shell is free and can be lifted from the mandrel by hand, or can be automatically discharged 'hollow mandrel through compressed air duct 37. The air pressure can pass through openings in the wall 10, the expansible head and the die plate 27, to supply sufficient pressure at the under surface of the paper disk (now secured in the shell to form the bottom closure of the can bod to lift the can body from and clear of tlie mandrel and ring 6, and the same action takes place where slip covers are made on the mandrel and an air blast is employed for automatically discharging them from the mandrel. The top face of the die plate can be of various configurations or surface shapes to cooperate with the bottom face of the crimping head in correspondin ly shaping or forming the bottom closure that comprises the disk b.

For instance,-where it is desired to have the disk I) remain flat and plane in the completed bottom closure, the flat' to face of the die plate 27 will extend to an meet the cylindrical peripheral edge of said late, as shown in Fi 4.. Where it is desired to produce a doub e bottom closure embodying an over-size inner disk, in addition to the flanged disk, having its edge portion distorted, bent or flared from the general plane of the disk, sa the form shown by Fig. 2, of the W. L. right" Patent No. 1,235,750, August 7, 1917, the edge portion of the top face of the die plate is formed with an annular bevel 27 sloping downwardly and outwardly thereby forming an annular flaring depression (see Figs. 1, 2, 6, 8). The crimping head will hence crowd and depress the outer edge portions of the inner disk and the flanged disk down into said depression to produce the completed closure with the upward flare disclosed by Fig. 2 of said patent.

To form the double bottom of Fig. 4 of said patent wherein the edge portions of the disks flare or are distorted downwardly, a die plate having the reverse of beveled edge 27 will be employed. For instance, the outer edge portlon of the top face of such die plate 27 will be formed with an elevated beveled fin or rib 27", see Fig. 7.

- The .die plate 27 is easily removed from themandrel by removing screws 28, and an other plate of different formation can be as readily applied and secured to the mandrel by said screws.

In producin can bodies having bottom closures embo ying the inner sealing disks 0, (Figs. 2 and 8) said disks can be formed with their edge. portions bent or flared, and such flared disks can be inserted in the projecting upper ends of the paper shells on the mandrel and pressed down onto the die plate before theflanged disks are inserted as hereinbefore described.

In order to avoid bursting or possible damage to the paper shells by the increase in diameter of the expansible head when ex- I panded within the shell, I preferably reduce the end portlons of the outer surfaces of the sectors 15, at 15*, so thatthe outer surface of said head is not in reality cylindrical but has the flattened or reduced portions 15*, Fi 4, adjacent tothe meeting side faces of sai sectors to prevent sharp or abrupt edges coming in forcible contact with the paper shell as well as to avoid possibility of bursting the shell by excessive outward movement of the outer end corners of the sectors 15.

It will be noted that the smooth inner approximately-cylindrical surface of the ring 6 backs and forms an abutment for the paper shell and thereby protects the same when the expansible head rips and clamps the shell, and said ring a so serves to facilitate feeding the shells onto the mandrel. By holding the shells against rotation through the medium of an internal expanded head, I am enabled to apply sufiicient pressure through the medium of the rotating crimping head to form exceedingly tight and otherwise efficient well appearing locking crimps joining the flanged disks and shells and I am also enabled to successfully and advantageously form the double bottom or inner sealing-disk closures.

By means of the screw 4 the cam 5 can be accurately adjusted to attain the desired accurate upward movement of the expanding cone 2 The shells or tubes for slip covers are of an internal diameter slightly in excess of the outside diameter of the can bodies for which said covers are intended, and hence mandrels of slightly greater diameter than those used for the bodies are employed, and also other modified formations are usually required for securing the flanged disks in the cover shells where covers having very short tubes or shells are to be produced. Where covers having long shells are produced, the shells a, will extend down through the ring 6 and to a point below the same and hence a stop collar 30 can be employed having rib 32 (Fig. 9) to slight'iy bell the lower end of the shell. The lowerend edge portion of the shell is thus turned outwardly or slightly expanded or belled to facilitate the application of the covers to the cans.

Where covers having very short shells are to be produced, I prefer to provide the mandrel with an expanding head that provides the stop to engage and bell the lower ends of the shells. The expanding head will be otherwise constructed and operate as hereinbefore described. For instance, in Fig. 5, I show an expanding head, the upper portion of which is reduced in diameter to form an annular upwardly facing stop shoulder 15, and the top surface of this shoulder is formed with a downward and outward curvature or flare to perform the function of the curved flared surface of the rib 32*- of the modified form of stop collar. The cover shell a, will be fitted on the mandrel and in'the ring 6, as hereinbefore described in connection with the body shell, but will extend down on the expanding head only for a portion of the vertical length of the head i. e. until the lower end of the shell engages and is expanded by shoulder 15.

In Fig. 5, the head is shown expanded clamping the cover tube or shell a, against .the inner surface of the ring 6; Before the head was expanded, the shell a was placed on the head (over the die plate, the form 27 Fig. 4, beingusually employed where the flanged disks 1) are to be crim ed to shells a) and forced down to slig itly turn or bulge the lower end edge of the shell, approximately as shown by Fig. 5. Where the flanged disks 7) are to be crimped to paper tubes or shells, without the inner disks 0, the mandrels are equipped with the die plates 27, Fig. 4, having flat top faces.

Where the inner disks 0 are employed, and it is desired to produce a bottom closure wherein the annular edge portions of the disks 5,0, are flared or deflected either upwardly or downwardly, I employ the die plates of Fig. 6 or Fig. 7 and these plates can coiiperate with any suitable means to shape the disks 6, 0, before the mandrel carrying the same reaches the crimping position below the crimping head 33. For instance, in Fig. 2, I show the outer edge portions of the disks 6, 0, deflected or flared downwardly to confrom to .the top face of the die plate 27, this operation having been performed by any suitable means, not hereindisclosed, before the crimping operation takes place. Thus when the crimping operation takes place, the crimping head forces the crimp down into the annular depression in disk I) and binds and locks said annular portions of the disks together in such flared position and crowds them against the beveled edge of the die plate. However, the edge portions of the disks can be thus deflected and flared by the crimping head in cotiperation with the shaped face of the die late in which event the crimping head in e ect serves as a die face coiiperating with the die plate to shape the inner and outer disks, particularly as the crimping head preferably moves down until its face 34 compresses the disks 5, 0, against the die plate. Fig. 8, shows the crimping head in an intermediate position on-its downward stroke. y

I preferably so form and arrange the parts as to reduce to the minimum possibility of the paper shell being bulged or otherwise deformed exteriorly by the shaping pressure applied to the disks 5, 0, or by the crimping operation. In the specific example illustrated, I show the exterior flange 35 of the crimping head arran ed to more or less snugly fit the outer sur ace of the paper shell or tube a during the crimping operation and as that operation is completed to extend down approximately to the level or hOIlZOIl'.

The inner surface of the flange of the crimp-- ing head externally backs the upper portion of the shell during the crimpin operation and may in effect iron or smoot the same to prevent and eradicate exterior bulges and distortions. In the particular example shown, the flange of the shell at its limit of downward movement, almost contacts the top edge of ring 6 and approximately passes below the horizontal plane in which the edge of the disk 0 is located, Fig. 8. Furthermore, the beveled top face 27 of the die plate, receives the flared or deflected portions of the disks, and doubtless aids in pre venting the paper shell from becoming exteriorly bulged, when said shell is drawn tightly upwardly and inwardly during the crimping operation and when the crimp is forced or crowded down toward said deflected portions of said disks.

It is evident that various changes, modifications, and variations might be resorted to, that elements and features might be omitted and that features and elements might be added, without departing from the spirit and scope of my invention, and hence .I do not wish to limit myself to the exact disclosures hereof.

What I claim is 1. In paper container machinery, a mandrel having an expansible normally con,- tracted head, in combination with a relatively-stationary tube-guiding and abutment-wall surrounding said head, and-means for operating on a tube end projecting from the mandrel and wall, said mandrel and wall arranged for the longitudinal application and removal of paper tubes on the mandrel and through the wall.

2. In paper container machinery, a mandrel having an expansible head normally contracted, means for expanding said head, and a tube-guiding and abutment wall spaced from and exteriorly arranged and fixed with respect to said head, said mandrel and wall arranged for the longitudinal application and removal of paper tubes on the mandrel and through the wall.

3. A mandrel formed to exteriorly and longltudmally receive a paper container tube, and comprisin a relatively fixed end die plate, an expansfifle head normally contracted and provided with expanding means, a relatively-stationary tube-guiding and abutment wall surrounding said head, a mandrel body, and stop means adjustable longitudinally of the body to engage the end of the tube and limit its inward longitudinal movement on the mandrel, in combination with a crimping head.

4. A mandrel formed to exteriorly and lon itudinally receive a paper container shel and provided with stop means for limiting the distance the shell movesonto the mandrel and with an end face to back a paper disk within the shell end during the crimping operation, said mandrel comprising means for expanding within the shell for locking the same against rotation during the crimping operation, a relatively-fixed exterior annular abutment wall surrounding said mandrel and spaced therefrom, in combination with means for operating on the shell and disk to unite the same by a locking crimp.

5. A mandrel. formed to exteriorly and longitudinally receive a paper container shell with its end projecting beyond the mandrel end to receive a disk, in combination with a rotary crimping head for securing together the disk and shell end by a locking crimp, and a shell guiding ring ex teriorly surrounding said mandrel and spaced from the exterior surface thereof for the passage of the shell through the ring and onto the mandrel, said marfdrel provided with means to engage the inner surface of the shell and clamp the shell against the inner surface of the ring.

6. A mandrel for the purposes substantially as set forth having a normally contracted expansible portion provided with expanding means, in combination with a ring exteriorly surrounding. said portion and relatively fixed with respect to the mandrel, said mandrel and ring arranged for the longitudinal application and removal of paper shells on the mandrel and through the ring.

7. A mandrel for the purposes substantially as described, in combination with an abutment wall spaced from the exterior surface of the mandrel and arranged to guide the shell onto the mandrel, said mandrel provided witha normally contracted shell-- clamping portion arranged to engage the inner surface of a shell within said wall and on the mandrel, and a crimping head arranged to cooperate with the mandrel to crimp the end of a shell on and projecting beyond the mandrel,

8. A mandrel formed to loosely and exteriorly receive a paper container shell and having a fixed end die plate to cooperate with a rotary crimping head in crimping the projecting end of a shell on the mandrel,

said mandrel comprisin means the inner surface of the shell on the mandrel to hold the shell against rotation during the crimping operation in combination with a relatively-stationary abutment ring surrounding and spaced from said means.

9. A mandrel formed to loosely and exteriorly receive a paper container shell and having an end face to cooperate with a rotary crimping head in crimping the projecting end of a shell on the mandrel, said mandrel comprising means to engage the inner surface of the shell on the mandrel to hold the shell against rotation during. the crimping operation in combination with exterior means relatively fixed with respect to the mandrel to engage the exterior surface of the shell and back the same, and said rotary crimping head.

10. A mandrel formed to loosely and ex.- teriorly receive a paper container shell and having an end face to cooperate with a rotary crimping head in crimping the projecting end of a shell on the mandrel, said mandrel comprising means to engage the inner surface of the shell on the mandrel to .hold the shell against rotation during the crimping operation in combination with a shellbacking and guidingring relatively fixed with respect to said mandrel and surround ing and spaced from the same.

11. In combination, a support, a rotary table, upright mandrels carried bysaidtable, a rotary crimping head, said table bringing successively said mandrels into operative position with respect to said crimp ing head, each mandrel having an expansible head and a fixed die plate above said head, and rings fixed to the table, one ring for each head, each ring exteriorly surrounding and spaced from the head of its mandrel and arranged below the mandrel die plate.

12. In combination, a rotary crimping head, a series of mandrels, means for moving said mandrels in a circuit successively into operative position with respect to said head, and a series of annular abutment walls maintained in fixed relation with respect to said mandrels, said walls surrounding and spaced from the mandrels and arranged to facilitate the longitudinal application of pa per shells on the mandrels, each mandrel aving an expansible portion within its wall.

13. A mandrel for the purposes substantially as described having a removable end die plate having its outer surface annularly formed at its edge portion to coiiperate with a rotary crimping head in shaping the edge portion of anend paper closure being united to a. paper shell by a lock crimp, in combination with said cooperating rotary crimping head, said head adapted to form the crimp and compress the same toward said edge portlon.

14. A mandrel for the purposes substanto engage tially as described, having an end die face, said mandrel provided with an annular stop adapted to engage the end of a paper shell and limit the inward movement of the shell on the mandrel, said stop having a surface flared or inclined to radially turn, deflect or bend the end edge portion of said shell to facilitate said shell in telescoping with another shell of slightly different diameter.

15. A mandrel for the purposes substantially as described, having an end face in combination with a rotary crimping head arranged to cooperate with said face in crimping the end of a paper shell on the mandrel, said mandrel provided with an annular stop shoulder to engage the inner end of the paper shell and limit the inward movement of said shell on the mandrel, the

surface of said shoulder that engages the shell end being beveled to turn the end edge portion of the shell radially and thereby change the diameter of the end of the shell.

16. A mandrel for the purposes substantially as described, having an end face and an expansible head, and a relatively stationary ring below said face and surrounding said head, in combination with a rotary crimping head arranged to cooperate with said face in crimping the end of a paper shell on the mandrel, said mandrel provided with anexterior longitudinally adjustable stop collar to engage the inner end of the paper shell and limit the inward movement of the shell on the mandrel.

17. A mandrel for the purposes substantially as described, having an end face, in combination with a rotary crimping head arranged to cooperate with said face in crimping the end of a paper shell on the mandrel, said mandrel provided with an exterior longitudinally adjustable stop collar to engage the inner end of the paper shell and limit the inward movement of the shell on the mandrel, said collar having a beveled surface to engage the end of the shell and turn the edge portion thereof and thereby change the diameter of the shell end.

18. A mandrel for the purposes substantially as described, comprising a body portion, an expansible'head, an end die plate, and a stop collar on said body portion and adjustable longitudinally thereof in combination with a relatively-stationary ring sur rounding said head and arranged above said body and below said plate.

19. A, mandrel for the purposes substantially as described, provided with means for clamping a paper shell against turning on the mandrel while the end of the shell is being crimped, said mandrel having an end face to cooperate with a rotary crimping head in crimping the shell end, said mandrel comprising an elongated body portion, and

a shell stop-collar surroundingand adjustable longitudinally of said body portionand provided with clamping means, said means for clamping a paper shell embodying an expansible head and a surrounding shellreceiving abutment ring arranged between said end face and said collar.

20. A mandrel formed to exterior-1y and longitudinally receive a paper shell and provided with means to limit the inward movement of the shell so that theouter end of the shell will project beyond the outer end of the mandrel to receive one or more paper end closure disks to'be secured to the shell by a locking crimp and have their peripheral edge portions bent, flared or deflected longitudinally of the shell, said mandrel provided with means to hold the shell against rotation during the crimping operation, and comprising an outer end die plate with the annular edge portion of its outer face offset from the general level of the outer face of the plate to cooperate with the crimping head to thus deflect the end closure, in combination with a rotary crimping head arranged to press the crimp and closure against said plate during the crimping operation.

21. In combination, a rotary table, a support therefor, an adjustable bolt having a cam end, a rotary crimping head, and several mandrels carried by the support and successively moved thereby into operative position with respect to said crimping head, each mandrel embodying an expansible head and a wedge for expanding the same provided with a shank adapted to be brought into operative engagement with said cam end, substantially as described.

22. In paper container machinery, a table, a paper shell receiving mandrel fixed thereto and having an outer end die face, a paper shell guiding and locking ring surrounding the outer end portion of said mandrel to receive the paper shell and surround the same, said ring secured to said table in nor mal fixed relation with respect to said mandrel, a rotary crimping head, said mandrel provided with means to clamp the shell against said ring to hold the shell during the crimping operation,- and operating devices for said means comprising a cam surface normally fixed with respect to and supported independently of said table.

23. In paper container machinery, in combination, ,a support, a normally fixed adjustable bolt having a cam, a movable table provided with a paper shell receiving mandrel embodying an expansible normally contracted head and expanding means for said head operated by said cam to expand the head, and a rotary crimping head to crimp the end of the shell on said mandrel and while held against rotation by said head.

24. In combination, a support, a rotary table having an upstanding portion, a series fixed relation with respect to said walls, each mandrel embodying an expansible head surrounded by and spaced from one of said walls, substantially as described.

25. In combination, a rotary table, means for clamping container bodies against rotation embodying a series of mandrels thereon, means for operating on container bodies on said mandrels, and hollow bolts removably securing said mandrels to said table, each mandrel embodying an expansible head and an expanding wedge therefor having a shank movably extending through the hollow bolt securing the mandrel.

26. In paper container machinery, means for clamping a container body against rota-.

tion embodying a mandrel having a normally-contracted expansible head comprising radially movable sector-shaped complementary blocks reduced at the outer faces of their outer corners and means for operating on a body while so clamped.

27. In combination, a support, a mandrel body removably seated thereon, means for clamping the body to the support, an expansible head on the body, spring-means for maintaining the head normally contracted, a vertically-movable wedge for expanding said head, spring means for holding said wedge in normal position, said wedge provided with a depending stem extending movably through said means clamping the mandrel body to the support, and means for operating said stem to move the wedge to expand said head.

28. In combination, a mandrel having an end die plate at its annular edge portion conforming to the flare of the disks that are to form the end closures of the paper shells, and a rotary crimping head to cooperate with said mandrel and its die plate in looking the disks to the shells by crimping against said flare, substantially as described.

29. In apparatus for securin flanged paper disks to paper shells by crimping to form closures for said shells, in combination, a mandrel having an end die plate, in combination with a rotary crimping head cooperating with said mandrel and die and having an exterior surface to exteriorly fit the shell end during the crimping operation to prevent exterior bul ing thereof around the edge portions oft e closure forming disks.

30. A mandrelhaving an end die face, in combination with a cooperating rotary crimping head having a surrounding flange arranged to extend to the plane in which said face is located as the crimping operation is completed, said mandrel having an expansible portion below said face, and a relatively stationary ring below said face and surrounding said portion and spaced from said mandrel, substantially as described.

- 31. A mandrel to receive a paper shell and 7 means for holding the shell against rotation during the crimping operation, said mandrel having a top end die plate, in combination with a rotary crimping head for cooperating with said mandrel in securing end closure disks in said shell by a lock crimp, said head having a shell backing and ironing surface to exteriorly fit the portion of the shell surrounding the disks and prevent exterior bulging or deforming of the shell under the radial pressure of the disks thereon during the crimping operation.

32. In apparatus for crimping closure disks to paper shells, a mandrel to receive the paper shell and on which the shell is held during crimping, said mandrel having an end die plate shaped to flare the annular edge portions of an inner and a flanged outer paper disk in the projecting end of a shell on said mandrel when said disks are pressed against and forced to conform to the shape of the die plate, in combination with a cooperating rotary crimping head arranged to form a locking crimp and compress the same and the flared portions of the disks against the die plate.

83. In apparatus for securing paper closure disks in paper tubes by lock crimps, a mandrel on which the paper shell is held with its end projecting to receive a flanged paper closure disk, said mandrel having an end die plate to back said disk during the crimping operation, in combination with a rotary cooperating crimping head having a flange to snugly fit and surround the projecting end of the shell during the crimping operation, said flange arranged to move approximately to the plane in which said die plate is located.

' J. T. BOND. 

